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In order for users to be able to find something on the Internet, every object located o the Internet must have a unique “address”. This address, or Uniform Resource Locator (URL), uniquely identifies files, Web pages, images, or any other types of electronic documents that reside on the Internet.
When you are using a Web browser and click a link to a Web page, you are actually sending a command out to the Internet to fetch that particular Web page from a specific location that is based on the Web page’s URL.
All Uniform Resource Locators consists of four parts. The first part, http://, is the service type. The service type identifies the protocol that is used to transport the requested document. For example, if you request, then Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) is the service type used to retrieve the Web page, as you can see there: http://www.manged-dedicated-server.com/url.html. If you are requesting an FTP document, then the FTP protocol (ftp://) is used. Other service types include telnet:// to perform a remote login, news:// to access a Usenet group and mailto:// to send an electronic mail message.
The second part of the URL, managed-dedicated-server.eu, is the domain name. This portion of the URL specifies a particular server at a particular site that contains the requested item. Starting on the right, eu is the top-level domain and indicates that the Web site is a site come under European Union. Other top-level domains are com (commercial),edu (educational), gov (government), mil (military), org (non profit organization), net (network-based), biz, name, info, pro, museum, aero and coop. Each country also has its own top-level domain name. For example, Canada is ca and the United Kingdom is uk. The domain name at the next level – called the mid-level domain name – is usually the name of the organization (often a company of school) or host as managed-dedicated-server. Any other lower-level domains are further subdivisions of the host and are usually created by the host. For example, suppose a company named FiberLock applies to the agency handling domain name registration to ask for the mid-level domain name fiberlock. Because FibeLock is a commercial business, ist top-level domain dame will be .com. If no one else is using fiberlock, the company will e granted fiberlock.com as its domain name. The company may then add more domain levels, such as www or email, to create entities such as www.fiberlock.com or email.fiberlock.com, which could correspond to the company’s Web page server and e-mail server, respectively.
The third part of a URL is the directory or subdirectory information. For example if we had an address http://www.managed-dedicated-server.eu/directory/subdirectory specifies that the requested item is located in the subdirectory, under directory.
The final part of the URL, url.html, is the file name of the requested object. In this case, it is a document titled url.html. If no filename were specified in the URL, then a default file, such as default.html or index.html, would be retrieved.
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